Cambio climático: un desafío por el desarrollo


Autor : Minouche Shafik

Fecha : 13 November 2009


La traducción española no está disponible.

 

Earlier this year I visited Nepal and Malawi, two of the poorest countries in the world. Both are already feeling the effects of climate change, with erratic weather patterns causing flooding and drought, making it harder to grow crops and access clean, safe water. The effects of climate change risk undoing the work that we have been doing for many years to try to improve the lives of the poorest people. Copenhagen is not a window of opportunity, it is a window of necessity to act on climate change. We must not waste it.

 

 

The urgency of mitigation 

The most effective form of adaptation is mitigation - this is the only way to stop the most dangerous and threatening climate impacts from becoming a reality. The actions of developed countries alone will not reduce emissions to the level required to limit global temperature increases to 2ºC. As part of an ambitious climate deal, developing countries also need to agree to reduce their emissions - and we need to support these countries to move to a low carbon development path.

 

 

Understanding the costs of adaptation 

However successful we are at reducing emissions, we have already changed the climate, and we will be feeling the effects for many years. The poorest and most vulnerable countries will suffer the most. We must work with developing countries to help put climate change and adaptation at the heart of national planning. Developing countries face huge costs in adapting to climate change – but there is still much we do not know. However, we urgently need to start putting numbers on the table if we are to see ambitious adaptation support as part of a post-2012 climate change deal.

 

 

Stretching budgets too far: the importance of additionality 

We have widespread agreement that developing countries need funding to help them to tackle climate change. Now we need to agree on whether this funding is in addition to existing international aid commitments. The cost of climate change were not factored into aid commitments made to help developing countries meet the MDGs, and we must not divert money from pledges already made to the poorest, such as for education, health, and water. The UK government has made a promise that no more than 10% of the money already committed to international aid can be used to tackle climate change. We will meet the rest of our fair share of the costs through new and additional finance, and we think others should do the same.

 

 

 

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9 comentarios

Jean-Marc Hauth

Fecha : 17 December 2009, 16:59

To resolve the problem of climate we need to understand that the real cause is not the co2 emissons but the modification of the water cycle by human activities which reduce the infiltration of rains and overpump the underground water .

The solution is then to irrigate all the underground spaces to increase the water table level all over the planet.
The concept of the gloabel water managment can do it:
http://pagesperso-orange.fr/biefs.dupilat/

Descargar los documentos asociados:

1261065557_projetbiefgier.jpg(126 Ko)

Che Thuy Nhu

Fecha : 29 November 2009, 10:35


Congratulation COP15
It seem more easy to breath in the world
What is the big new?
( Gov Portal 27/11/2009 ) –China government ensure reduce 40-50% their emission in 2020 .This is active action to the COP15
China decided this problem 1 day after USA announce to reduces 17% their emission up to 2020 compare with 2005 and President Obama will attend to Copenhagen
China, biggest country in the world ensure reduce 40-45% their emission C02 in all country up to 2020
This decision support USA in the fighting against climate change.
Other countries like Brazil, Korea, Indonesia and Russia will review their policy about payment for emission.
Those decision ensure COP15 will be successful
Hải Minh

syed hassan

Fecha : 24 November 2009, 13:05

Firstly it is encouraging to know that today the Climate Change is well known and there is realisation among most nations about its impact and need to urgently undertake mitigation steps.

It is agreed that most of the green house emissions in the past has been caused by developed countries but if we only dwell on this and try finding equity to past deeds, we all can end up far worse. Unfortunately some of the developing countries are at the front line of worst effect of climate change. What is needed a little more understanding and countries like China and India, now that they are themselves nearly a developed countries should show some flexibility.

Developed countries should also meet up to their obligation. Aid for Climate Change should be distinctively seperate from Development Aid.

We in UK should feel proud of UK's role in trying provide a just and balanced policy on Climate Change and the recent initiative by UK to set up a Global Climate Change Netwok is timely and shall go a long way in helping developeing countries to find practical ways
for adaptation and mitigation.

Che Thuy Nhu

Fecha : 24 November 2009, 09:11

To participants in Forum
I think those fund can be help reduce crisis in climate change .
More detail and long strategy should be put in to those funds

Many countries support Vietnam over came the storm and floods

( HNM 17/11/2009 ) –Date 16-11, the USA embassy in Vietnam inform the the USA government thought USAID support 250.000 USD to Red Cross Association
Rescue the victims of Storm Mirinae
The sum is funding to provinces in Central provinces Binh dinh,Khanh hoa and Phu Yen
With this sum, USA government help Vietnam about 1 millions this year
Afternoon in Hanoi , Red cross Association receive 222.000 US D of New Zealand support people in Central region and Tay nguyen over came the ( storm and storm 11 .Before New Zealand embassy give to Red cross 148.000 US D to help people in Central region and Tay nguyen over came the storm number 9

Sharon N

Fecha : 22 November 2009, 08:52

Thank you, Ms. Shafik, for this posting. It is especially valuable to have information on both Nepal and Malawi, two nations that are often highly underreported in the U.S. media. I completely agree with the suggestion that developing nations, such as the two that you have mentioned, would benefit immensely from recieving aid that directly relates to climate change. However, as was mentioned in an earlier comment, the CO2 emission from India and China certainly DO have an impact upon other nations (specifically Nepal, which is geographically close to both nations). In this sense, both India and China should be held responsible for their own nations' CO2 emission, and should be required to mitigate the climate change that has occurred within these developing nations (namely, Nepal). Although the UK is in a more favorablee position to provide aid to these nations, the nations that have caused the greatest degree of CO2 emissions should (ethically?) provide the nations suffering the most from climate change with some means of help. China and India are perhaps not in the same economic situation as the UK to provide loans to Nepal and Malawi, but perhaps a means of ENSURING that clean water can be provided to these nations would be a step in the right direction. Since the problem of CO2 emission has proven to have such drastic long-term effects, it seems only fair that the nations who have caused such emission should be ethically responsible for helping the nations that are suffering from climate change with viable options to alleviate this problem.

Marco Gomes

Fecha : 18 November 2009, 16:18

Thank you for the reporting on current findings on environmental changes taking place in Nepal and Malawi (two of the countries that I have visited and immensely fell in love with). There knowns about adaptation that indicate vulnerabilities to climate is lessening; climate change might cost 0-2 percent of GDP; analysts should assume adaptation rather than dumb farmers; and analyses of mitigation and adaptation need integration. Questions are how energy prices affect emissions; whether it is preferable to regulate emission prices or quantities; the shape of the damage function from climate change; ways to improve long-term predictions of socio-technical systems; how much policies intended to affect emissions matter; and the opportunity costs of focus on the climate issue. In conclusion, prosperity and technical progress may make both mitigation and adaptation affordable and avert the climatic danger.

GCAntunes

Fecha : 16 November 2009, 05:53

Hello Ms Minouche Shafik. Thank you for your post. At first glance, I agree, mitigation between developing and developed nations, ambitious adaptation support to bring us past the 2012 climate change marker, and additional aid for climate change in the developing nations to help them reach their MDGs are all imperative to trigger international cooperation with climate change. What are some proposals suggested by the countries you've just visited, Nepal and Malawi? What would they say about collective action to climate change? After all the calculations are made, who are the greatest polluters (consumers) and what is their role, in terms of the three points you've made? Are they the ones leading the effort as the mediators, greatest supporters and primary funders? Or, will they share that role with other nations, say China or India? I'd vouch for the latter rather than the former.

Che Thuy Nhu

Fecha : 15 November 2009, 09:34

To Mrs. Minouche Shafik and participants in FORUM
I total agree with you that the poor are most suffer from Climate change. Mass -media in Vietnam every day inform about storms, floods, forest’s destruction, environment pollution, air pollution, CO2 in air .They said about Copenhagen Conference in December 2009 about Climate change.
But very few persons can understand the reasons of disasters and the way to solve them.
You are right to put the solution that “We must work with developing countries to help put climate change and adaptation at the heart of national planning “
Vietnam is transition from central planning system in to the market system. People move from decision from high levels to decision made by majority voting. People like projects and they seek projects. Some time scientists can’t win majority voting.
So I think the priority should be put environment assessment in to national planning. .The scientist have to do the assessment before submit the projects.
Other thing: I think we need re- teaching in schools about bio-cycle in the world. For example: floods because of forest destruction. CO2 over in air .Reasons because of cutting green tree and using fire every where. They also have to know that we can use solar energy , win energy in some cases instead of electricity, coal or firewood .Children have to know that green tree is good for reduction CO2 in air and water regulation. The work has to do steps by step, so youth can be strong motivation for new action against climate change.
How about high levels: very few consultants and experts can have right methods for assessment the effect to environment and climate change. How to do it?
This morning I heard in Central television: In Quang Nam province (Central Vietnam) government decides STOP build 4 hydro- electricity stations. Because the scientists said that they destroy forest for building hydro- electricity stations. Big flood in storm 9 and 10 recently happen .Poor most suffer from flood. It so much hydro electricity station in one province.
And small work I want to pay attention: every day I think how much this small green leaf can reduces CO2 in air? How to do it? If every body tries to multiply green leaf in the world, it will be nice life in the future.
Thank you.


Robert Murphy

Fecha : 14 November 2009, 18:52

I encourage something new, for both the global warming discussion and the continuing discussion about the Milennium Development Goals... Perhaps these suggestions will be helpful.

FIRST: Bring the two conversations together. I'm active in several environmental protection organizations and, for several years, I've been involved in major protests against global warming. I've heard leaders like Al Gore and Bill McKibben speak, repeatedly, about the need for energy conservation. However, mainstream environmentalists seldom acknowledge the problems of global poverty and they seldom acknowledge the importance of the Milennium Development Goals.... What's the result? The
developing nations, especially, are often indifferent to the global warming lectures. Even in the wealthy nations, many low-income and moderate income people are becoming LESS involved with the global warming problem. (The decline in public interest is shown in public opinion polls. During economic recessions and periods of high unemployment, environmental interests often decline.)

If environmentalists don't become more involved with the Milennium Development Goals, their attempts to solve the global warming problem will continue to fail, during times of economic hardship.

SECOND: Recognize that the global warming discussion is a discussion about energy use and some of the consequences of energy use. With this thought in mind, place the global warming discussion in a new context.... Move human rights - not "Save the Earth!" - to the top of the energy agenda.... Call for a new conversation about securing "energy justice." DEFINITION: The goal of energy justice work is to provide all people, in all places, with an adequate supply of energy that is safe, affordable, and sustainable.
To secure energy justice in a global economy, international cooperation is needed.

Energy justice speaks to the global warming problem. Obviously, energy production and use must be "safe." However, energy justice effort speaks to other issues that are often ignored or
belittled by environmentalists.... An adequate supply of energy should be available to all people,
not just the fortunate few, and energy should be "affordable." For some people, in some places, energy use should be INCREASED. (Think about street children in Mumbai and Mexico City.)

Energy justice is needed in order to secure all of the Milennium Development Goals.... How can we overcome hunger, poverty, and disease without an adequate supply of energy? After the 2009 Copenhagen talks have ended, I suggest that NGOs gather for a second international event.... At the second conference, the subject will be "Energy Justice." Bring environmentalists, community organizers, religious groups, human rights advocates, entrepreneurs and innovative corporations, and others, together, to talk about humanity's energy needs..... Global warming concerns will be part of the conversation.... However, it will only be one of several big concerns on the energy agenda.

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  • Josette SHEERAN
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